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Download all Fish and Lamprey Statewide Maps (60 MB may be slow to download) |
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Fish and
Lamprey CWCS Species (59 species)
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Common name |
Scientific name |
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Alosa alabamae |
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Atractosteus spatula |
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Etheostoma cinereum |
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Thoburnia atripinnis |
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Phoxinus cumberlandensis |
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Moxostoma poecilurum |
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Etheostoma sanguifluum |
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Erimystax insignis |
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Cyprinella camura |
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Etheostoma lynceum |
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Noturus phaeus |
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Umbra limi |
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Etheostoma sagitta sagitta |
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Etheostoma susanae |
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Etheostoma proeliare |
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Hybognathus hayi |
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Lepomis marginatus |
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Etheostoma percnurum |
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Etheostoma baileyi |
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Etheostoma pyrrhogaster |
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Platygobio gracilis |
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Percina stictogaster |
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Fundulus chrysotus |
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Etheostoma parvipinne |
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Etheostoma swaini |
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Etheostoma kantuckeense |
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Menidia beryllina |
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Etheostoma sagitta spilotum |
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Etheostoma rafinesquei |
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Erimyzon sucetta |
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Acipenser fulvescens |
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Noturus hildebrandi |
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Percina macrocephala |
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Amblyopsis spelaea |
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Noturus stigmosus |
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Percina squamata |
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Notropis albizonatus |
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Scaphirhynchus albus |
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Hybognathus placitus |
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Lepomis miniatus |
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Etheostoma chienense |
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Notropis sp. 4 |
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Etheostoma tecumsehi |
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Noturus exilis |
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Etheostoma microlepidum |
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Typhlichthys subterraneus |
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Etheostoma barrenense |
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Etheostoma maculatum |
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Phenacobius uranops |
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Fundulus dispar |
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Etheostoma derivativum |
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Etheostoma virgatum |
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Etheostoma fusiforme |
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Notropis maculatus |
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Ammocrypta clara |
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Lampetra appendix |
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Ichthyomyzon castaneus |
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Ichthyomyzon greeleyi |
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Ichthyomyzon fossor |
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CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Alabama Shad Alosa alabamae
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
C E G3 S1 G3 S1
G-Trend Decreasing
G-Trend Formerly distributed
throughout the eastern Gulf Coastal drainages from
Comment Suwannee River, Florida to the Mississippi River
(Etnier and Starnes 1993).
However, populations have greatly declined in
the past 50 years.
According to
NatureServe (2004), the species currently has a very limited
distribution through
the Gulf of Mexico tributaries. In the
Mississippi
River basin,
populations there are small and are very rare (Etnier and
Starnes 1993,
Pflieger 1975). In Tennessee, this
species was known from
the Clinch and
Stones Rivers and was apparently widespread in Tennessee
during
pre-impoundment days, but no recent
records have been reported in
Tennessee (Etnier
and Starnes 1993).
S-Trend Decreasing
S-Trend Formerly abundant in
the Mississippi and Ohio rivers and probably only
Comment enters Kentucky’s waters during the spawning run
(Burr and Warren 1986).
Limited commercial fishing for this species
has occurred in the Ohio River,
with the harvest of
several thousand pounds per year (NatureServe 2004).
Burr and Warren
(1986) reported only one recent record is available from
the Mississippi River
near New Madrid, Missouri; other records for
Kentucky waters
predate 1900. The most recent record in
Kentucky was a
large adult specimen
collected in July 1986 from the Tennessee River just
below Kentucky Dam in
Marshall County (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
Habitat / This species is
anadromous, with adults appearing in large spawning rivers
Life History from January-March. Eggs are deposited over
coarse sand and gravel
substrates swept by
moderate currents at temperatures of 19-22 C during
April (Etnier and
Starnes 1993). After spawning, adults
migrate
downstream with
young appearing in the Mississippi River in Missouri
between mid-July and
early October (Pflieger 1975). Juveniles stay in fresh
water for 6-8 months
before leaving the rivers by winter and generally
return to spawn when
3-4 years old (NatureServe 2004).
Key The most recent
records are from the lower Tennessee (Kentucky Lake
Habitat HUC 06040005) and Mississippi (HUC 08010100)
River drainages.
Habitat conditions
for the lower Tennessee are considered fully supporting
of aquatic life for
just over 50% of stream miles surveyed and only 32% are
fully supporting in
the Mississippi (Kentucky Division of Water 2002).
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Alabama Shad Alosa alabamae
Guilds Large rivers in current.
Statewide AlabamaShad.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2A Navigational dredging/Commercial dredging
2C Construction/Operation of impoundments
(migration barrier)
Point and non-point source pollution
4E Agricultural runoff – including
fertilizers/animal waste, herbicides,
4F Urban runoff
4G Chemical spills and contaminants (applied and
accidental)
4K Industrial waste discharge/runoff
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B Agriculture
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N E G3G4 S1 G3 S1
G-Trend Decreasing
G-Trend Historically, this
species ranged from southwest Ohio, southern Indiana,
Comment and southern Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico in
the Mississippi River Basin.
Currently, it occurs
along the Gulf Coastal Plain from the Florida panhandle
to Veracruz, Mexico. The species is now
extirpated or very rare in the
northern portion of
its range, and appears to be declining in the southern
portions. Once
occurring in 13 states, this species is considered extirpated
in three, imperiled
or critically imperiled in six, vulnerable three states, and
apparently secure in
only one state. Most of the decline appears to be
related to habitat alterations
and commercial fishing. However, some
populations of
Alligator gar still support fisheries in Arkansas and
Louisiana (Etnier
and Starnes 1993).
S-Trend Decreasing
S-Trend Historically occurring
in Kentucky as far up the Ohio River as Bracken
Comment County near Maysville (Trautman 1981). J. P.
Kirtland noted this species
being captured in the early 1800’s above Cincinnati. Although Trautman
did not examine any
specimens, he reported anecdotal evidence that the
species was present
in the northern Kentucky area during the 1920’s
through the 1940’s.
The species has not been documented in
Kentucky
since the late
1970’s. The most recent records include one from the lower
Cumberland River,
two from the Ohio River at or below Paducah, and one
from the mouth of
Bayou Du Chien (Fulton County) as it enters the
Mississippi River
(Burr and Warren 1986). The Kentucky State Nature
Preserves Commission
(2004) recommends a conservation status of
endangered for this
species within the state.
Habitat / This species is one
of the largest freshwater fishes in the U.S.. The largest
Life History known gar collected in Louisiana was 9 feet 8.5
inches and weighed 302
pounds (NatureServe
2004). These fish inhabits sluggish pools of large
rivers and their
bayous, oxbows, and backwaters. The have been known to
occur in brackish
water and rarely in coastal marine waters. Spawning can
occur from January through
September depending on the latitude. These
fish spawn over
vegetation and appear to require some flowing water during
spawning (NatureServe 2004). Their resiliency
appears low, as any given
population has been
estimated to need >14 years in order to double in size
(Froese and Pauly
2004). Alligator gars are considered to be
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Alligator Gar Atractosteus spatula
carnivores/piscivores.
Although they eat mainly fish and crabs, food habit
studies have shown them
to also consume turtles, waterfowl and other
birds, small mammals
and are believed to scavenge (Etnier and Starnes
1993).
Key The most recent records are from near the mouth
of the Ohio River and in
Habitat the Mississippi River bordering Kentucky. These
include the lower
Cumberland River
(HUC 05130205; 1 record), Kentucky Lake (HUC
06040005; 1 record),
lower Ohio River (HUC 05140206; 2 records), and
lower Mississippi
(HUC 08010100; 1 record). Habitat conditions fully
supporting aquatic
life ranges from 32% (Mississippi HUC) to 75%
(Kentucky Lake HUC)
of stream miles surveyed within these watersheds.
Historically, this
species occurred in the Middle Ohio-Laughery HUC
(05090203) between 1830
and 1840, Silver-Little Kentucky River HUC
(05140101) in the
early 1800’s, and Ohio Brush-Whiteoak HUC
(05090201) between
1920 and 1940. No reports of Alligator gar have
subsequently been reported
and it is thought the fish no longer exists in this
portion of the
river.
Guilds Large rivers in
slackwater.
Statewide AlligatorGar.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2C Construction/Operation of impoundments
(migration barrier)
2E Stream channelization/ditching
2H Wetland loss/drainage/alteration
2L Levee construction
Biological/ consumptive uses
5F Low population densities
5J Incidental mortality due to commercial fishing/musseling
(mortality and
overharvest)
Point and non-point source pollution
4J Barge traffic
Terrestrial habitat degradation
3R Habitat and/or Population Fragmentation
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Ashy Darter Etheostoma cinereum
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N S G2G3 S3 G2 S3
G-Trend Decreasing
G-Trend The ashy darter is
distributed sporadically in the Tennessee and
Comment Cumberland river drainages in Kentucky and Tennessee
(NatureServe 2004).
This species has been extirpated from margins
of its range in Georgia and
Alabama, and
apparently in Virginia. It is a threatened species in Tennessee
(Etnier and Starnes
1993).
S-Trend Stable
S-Trend This species occurs
in the Little South Fork Cumberland River, South Fork
Comment Cumberland River, and Rockcastle River in
Kentucky (Burr and Warren
1986). It is possibly extirpated from the Red River
(Logan County), but
was recently rediscovered
in Buck Creek, Pulaski County (Compton and
Moeykens 2001).
Habitat / The ashy darter
inhabits clear upland streams and rivers in slow to moderate
Life History current below and above riffles and in pools up
to 1.75 meters deep (Burr
and Warren 1986).
This species is usually associated with sand and gravel
substrates and
boulders, tree snags, or water willow as cover. Spawning is
from late January to
early April near boulders and water willow (Etnier and
Starnes 1993).
Key Currently known to occur in the Rockcastle River
(HUC 05130102), Upper
Habitat Cumberland – Lake Cumberland (HUC 05130103),
and South Fork
Cumberland (HUC
05130104) watersheds. Habitat conditions fully
supporting aquatic
life ranges from 51.5% to 90.0% of stream miles
surveyed within
these watersheds, all of which contain outstanding resource
waters (Kentucky Division of Water 2002).
Guilds Upland streams in pools.
Statewide AshyDarter.pdf
Map
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Ashy Darter Etheostoma cinereum
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2C Construction/Operation of impoundments
(migration barrier)
Siltation and increased turbidity
1A Coal mining
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blackfin Sucker Thoburnia atripinnis
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N S G2 S2 G2 S2
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend The blackfin sucker
is endemic to the Barren River drainage basin. The
Comment Tennessee Valley Authority has documented 13
locality records from the
Tennessee portion of
the Barren River (NatureServe 2004). The status of
these populations is
unknown. Kentucky has documented 33 records for
this species from
the 1940’s to the present. The status of these populations
is considered stable, although no current
population data is available. The
American Fisheries
Society lists the Blackfin sucker as a species of special
concern, while
NatureServe (2004) lists it as imperiled in Kentucky and
critically imperiled
in Tennessee.
S-Trend Stable
S-Trend This species is
endemic to the Barren River drainage in southern Kentucky
Comment and a portion of northern Tennessee (Etnier and
Starnes 1993). In
Kentucky, this small
sucker (maximum length is 6 inches) resides in the
headwater streams of
Allen, Barren, Metcalf, and Monroe counties. The
Blackfin sucker can
be considered common in a drainage, although their
distribution may be
very localized (Burr and Warren 1986). These fish
inhabit small to
medium size upland headwater streams along the Highland
Rim in the
southwestern portion of the state. The Kentucky State Nature
Preserves Commission
has listed the Blackfin sucker as threatened and
recommended it be labeled
as a species of special concern in Kentucky
(NatureServe 2004).
Habitat / Inhabits pool and
riffle areas in clear water with moderate current and gravel
Life History or rubble substrates in creeks and medium sized
rivers (NatureServe 2004).
They are benthic
living on or near the bottom of the stream, and seek shelter
along shorelines with overhanging brush, near
boulders, or in rock crevices
(Burr and Warren
1986). Diet consists primarily of microcrustacea and
insect larvae.
Spawning occurs in shallow, swift water over riffles in the
early spring (March
and April). After hatching, the young are found in
pools with moderate
flow and in smaller tributaries over fine gravel (Etnier
and Starnes 1993).
Key Currently exists
only in the upper Barren River (HUC 05110002).
Nearly
Habitat 93% of the stream miles surveyed within this
watershed have habitat
conditions fully
supporting aquatic life and 14.7 miles of stream have been
deemed outstanding resource
waters (Kentucky Division of Water 2004).
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blackfin Sucker Thoburnia atripinnis
Guilds Upland streams in pools.
Statewide BlackfinSucker.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2B Gravel/sand removal or quarrying (e.g., mineral
excavation)
2E Stream channelization/ditching
Biological/ consumptive uses
5F Low population densities
Point and non-point source pollution
4E Agricultural runoff – including
fertilizers/animal waste, herbicides,
4G Chemical spills and contaminants (applied and
accidental)
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B Agriculture
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blackside Dace Phoxinus
cumberlandensis
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
LT T G2 S2 G2 S2
G-Trend Decreasing
G-Trend The blackside dace
are restricted to the Cumberland Plateau portion of the
Comment upper Cumberland drainage and are found above
and below Cumberland
Falls in Kentucky
and Tennessee (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
S-Trend Decreasing
S-Trend Populations of the
blackside dace in Kentucky are believed to be stable to
Comment slightly declining with the complete loss of
several populations in Bell
County probably as a
result of logging and urban sprawl rather than from
mining activities
(David Eisenhour, Morehead State University, personnel
communications). In Kentucky, the blackside dace is known from
91
streams with only 22
streams supported excellent or good populations;
most populations
were very small and near extirpation (NatureServe 2004).
Kentucky streams that receive a high degree of
protection include the Bad
Branch, Eagle Creek,
Watts Creek, Beaver Creek and associated tributaries,
and Davis
Branch. The blackside dace also occurs
in several streams on
Daniel Boone
National Forest, but these do not receive the same high degree
of protection as the previously mentioned
streams; Cannon Creek also have
blackside dace populations and is protected to
some degree by being
designated as
unsuitable for mining (NatureServe 2004).
Habitat / Confined to small
upland creeks, usually 300-500 m in elevation, and are 2-
Life History 5 m in width (Burr and Warren 1986). Typically found in sluggish pools of
shaded and cool
streams that have a riffle to pool ratio that approaches
60:40 (Burr and
Warren 1986). This species is usually
also associated with
lush riparian
vegetation, canopy cover greater than 70%, and unsilted
conditions and
apparently can recolonize areas when water quality or
habitat conditions
become more favorable if suitable dispersal corridors exist
(NatureServe 2004).
Key Currently exists in the South Fork Cumberland
(HUC 05130104), Upper
Habitat Cumberland (HUC 05130101), Rockcastle River (HUC
05130102), and
Upper Cumberland
Lake Cumberland (HUC 05130103) watersheds.
The
Upper Cumberland
(HUC 05130101) contains the majority of these
records. Habitat conditions fully supporting aquatic
life ranges from 67%
(Upper
Cumberland-Lake Cumberland HUC) to 90% (South Fork
Cumberland HUC) of
stream miles surveyed within these watersheds.
All
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blackside Dace Phoxinus
cumberlandensis
contain outstanding
resource waters (Kentucky Division of Water 2002).
Guilds Upland headwater streams in pools.
Statewide BlacksideDace.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2C Construction/Operation of impoundments (migration
barrier)
2E Stream channelization/ditching
Biological/ consumptive uses
5A Predation from introduced species
5D Competition from introduced/invasive or native
species
Point and non-point source pollution
4A Acid mine drainage other coal mining impacts
Siltation and increased turbidity
1A Coal mining
1B Agriculture
1C Road construction
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
1E Silviculture
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blacktail Redhorse Moxostoma poecilurum
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N E G5 S1 G5 S1
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend Gulf Slope drainages
from Galveston Bay tributaries, Texas, to
Comment Choctawhatchee River drainage, Alabama and
Florida; Mississippi River
tributaries from
southern Kentucky and southern Arkansas south to
Louisiana. Found only in the states of Alabama,
Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky,
Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Texas.
This
species is broadly
distributed in the southeastern U.S. and often abundant in
rivers, reservoirs, small to large streams,
swamps, and the Mobile Delta
(Mettee et al.
1996). According to NatureServe (2004),
this species is
locally common, but
rare in Kentucky and Tennessee. It is
considered
secure (S5) or
apparently secure (S4) in Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee,
Texas and Tennessee;
vulnerable (S3) in Georgia; imperiled in Arkansas; and
critically imperiled (S1) in Kentucky.
S-Trend Unknown
S-Trend This species reaches
the northernmost limit of its range in in the
Comment southwestern corner of the state, where it
occurs only in Terrapin Creek,
Graves County (Burr
and Warrren 1986). It is considered
critically
imperiled (S1) in
Kentucky (NatureServe 2004).
Habitat / Little is known
about the biology of this species. Spawning occurs in mid-
Life History to late spring in shoal areas of small streams
(Etnier and Starnes 1993). In
Terrapin Creek, both
adults and juveniles have been collected from sandy
bottomed pools;
however, the closest reproducing population known occurs
downstream in the Obion River in Tennessee
(Burr and Carney 1984).
Key Occurs only in Obion
Creek HUC8 (08010202). Habitat
conditions fully
Habitat supporting aquatic life is about 28% of the
stream miles surveyed in this
watershed, with a
total of 1.7 stream miles considered outstanding resource
water (Kentucky
Division of Water 2002).
Guilds Lowland Streams in slackwater.
Statewide BlacktailRedhorse.pdf
Map
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blacktail Redhorse Moxostoma poecilurum
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2B Gravel/sand removal or quarrying (e.g., mineral
excavation)
2C Construction/Operation of impoundments
(migration barrier)
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B Agriculture
1C Road construction
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
1E Silviculture
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Bloodfin Darter Etheostoma sanguifluum
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N N G4G5 S4S5 G4 S4
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend The bloodfin darter
occurs in the middle Cumberland River drainage, from
Comment Caney Fork, Tennessee, to Rockcastle River,
Kentucky (Natureserve 2004).
S-Trend Stable
S-Trend In Kentucky, this
species is restricted to the middle Cumberland River
Comment where it is generally distributed and common in
the Rockcastle River, Big
and Little South
Forks, and Buck Creek (Burr and Warren 1986).
Habitat / Occurs in small to
medium upland streams and rivers along or near the
Life History Pottsville Escarpment and the easternmost region
of the Highland Rim.
Inhabits moderate to
rapid currents or riffles with substrates of boulder,
cobble, and
pebble. Spawning and nest-building occur
in the interspaces
between the
substrate and overlying rocks (Burr and Warren 1986).
Key Currently known to
occur in the Rockcastle River HUC8 (05130102),
Habitat Upper Cumberland – Lake Cumberland HUC8
(05130103), South Fork
Cumberland HUC8
(05130104). Habitat conditions fully
supporting
aquatic life range
from 67.3% (Upper Cumberland – Lake Cumberland
HUC8) to 90.0%
(South Fork Cumberland HUC8) of stream miles
surveyed within
these watersheds, all of which contain outstanding resource
waters (Kentucky Division of Water 2002).
Guilds Upland streams in riffles.
Statewide BloodfinDarter.pdf
Map
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Bloodfin Darter Etheostoma
sanguifluum
Conservation Issues
Point and non-point source pollution
4A Acid mine drainage other coal mining impacts
4B Waste water discharge (e.g., sewage treatment)
4E Agricultural runoff – including
fertilizers/animal waste, herbicides,
4F Urban runoff
Siltation and increased turbidity
1A Coal mining
1B Agriculture
1C Road construction
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
1E Silviculture
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blotched Chub Erimystax insignis
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N E G3G4 S1 G3 S1
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend The blotched chub
occurs in the Cumberland and Tennessee river drainages
Comment of southern Kentucky, Tennessee, western
Virginia, western North
Carolina, northern
Georgia, and northern Alabama. (Natureserve 2004).
S-Trend Decreasing
S-Trend In Kentucky, this
species is sporadic and uncommon in the upper
Comment Cumberland River (below the falls) where it is
known from five localities. It
was collected in the Red River (of the middle
Cumberland) by Kentucky
State Nature
Preserves Commission in the early 1980’s (Burr and Warren
1986). Reports of this species in the Green and
Kentucky River systems
are based on the
superficially similar streamline chub (Burr and Warren
1986)
Habitat / Occurs in riffle
areas in medium to large-size streams and rivers, where there
Life History is continuous flow, clear, and gravel or rocky
bottom (Burr and Warren
1986). Its habitat is similar to those of the
streamline chub, however this
species prefers
slightly coarser substrates and tolerating much smaller
streams (Etnier and
Starnes 1993). Spawning occurs in
mid-April through
early May as water
temperature approaches 15 C (60F). Sexual maturity is
reached at age-1.
Life span is 2.5 years. Food consists of
about half
periphyton and half
aquatic insect larvae dominated by dipterans and
mayflies. Maximum total length is 100 mm SL (Etnier and
Starnes 1993).
Key Although known
historically from four HUC8 watershed units in
Habitat Kentucky, the only recent records (post-1984)
are from the Red River (of
the Cumberland) HUC
(05130206). Habitat conditions in the
Red River
HUC8 are good as
73.1% of assessed streams were found to be fully
supporting aquatic
life. A total of 43.7 miles of streams in this HUC8 are
considered
outstanding resource waters (Kentucky Division of Water 2002).
Guilds Upland streams in
pools.
Statewide BlotchedChub.pdf
Map
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Blotched Chub Erimystax insignis
Conservation Issues
Point and non-point source pollution
4B Waste water discharge (e.g., sewage treatment)
4E Agricultural runoff – including
fertilizers/animal waste, herbicides,
4F Urban runoff
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B Agriculture
1C Road construction
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
1E Silviculture
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Bluntface Shiner Cyprinella camura
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N E G5 S1 G5 S1
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend The bluntface shiner
is common in eastern tributaries to the lower
Comment Mississippi River from Obion Creek south (Etnier
and Starnes 1993). It
also occurs in a few
southwestern tributaries to the Tennessee River and the
Central Arkansas River drainage.
S-Trend Stable
S-Trend In Kentucky, this
species is known to occur only in Terrapin Creek in
Comment Graves County and Obion Creek in Hickman County
(Burr and Warren
1986). It is
considered critically imperiled in Kentucky (NatureServe, 2004)
and endangered by the
Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission
(2004).
Habitat / The bluntface shiner
is restricted to small sand or gravel-bottomed streams
Life History in raceways and riffles on the Coastal Plain
(Burr and Warren 1986). This
species is normally near
submerged logs. Spawning may occur from May
through August
(Etnier and Starnes 1993).
Key Currently known to occur in the Bayou du Chien –
Mayfield (HUC
Habitat 08010201) and Obion Creek (HUC 08010202)
watersheds. Habitat
conditions in these
watersheds considered fully supporting of aquatic life
include 27.8% (Bayou
du Chien-Mayfield HUC8) and 37.0% (Obion Creek
HUC8) of stream
miles surveyed within these watersheds.
Both contain
outstanding resource
waters (Kentucky Division of Water, 2002).
Guilds Lowland Streams in
riffles.
Statewide BluntfaceShiner.pdf
Map
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Bluntface Shiner Cyprinella camura
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2E Stream channelization/ditching. Burr and Warren (1986)
2F Riparian zone removal
(Agriculture/development). Burr and
Warren (1986)
2H Wetland loss/drainage/alteration . Burr and Warren (1986)
Biological/ consumptive uses
5D Competition from introduced/invasive or native
species. Burr and Warren
(1986)
5E Hybridization with closely related species. Burr and Warren (1986)
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B Agriculture.
Burr and Warren (1986)
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Brighteye Darter Etheostoma lynceum
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N E G5 S1 G5 S1
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend Formerly considered
a subspecies of the banded darter, the brighteye darter
Comment was elevated to species status by Etnier and
Starnes (1986). This species is
distributed
throughout the upper Coastal Plain east of the Mississippi
River from the Obion
River system in Tennessee and Kentucky south and
east through
Pascagoula River drainage of Mississippi and western Alabama
(Etnier and Starnes, 1993). Although species continues to be common in
better quality
streams within its range, some populations have likely been
eliminated by
channelization (Etnier and Starnes, 1993).
S-Trend Unknown
S-Trend In Kentucky, this
species is confined to Terrapin Creek in Graves County.
Comment It is considered critically imperiled in
Kentucky (NatureServe, 2004 and
endangered by
the Kentucky State Nature Preserves
Commission (2004).
Habitat / Occurs in Coastal
Plain streams with noticeable flow over a substrate of
Life History gravel riffles or an accumulation of detrital
material, often where rooted
aquatic vegetation
is present (Etnier and Starnes, 1993).
Bell and Timmons
(1991) documented
the species occurring in dense tree roots around
undercut banks
during the winter and in fast flowing, shallow gravel riffles
during the
summer. Diet consisted mainly of midge
larvae (Chironomidae).
Reproduction
occurred from April to June, with fecundity estimates ranging
from 33-116 to 65-201 mature ova per age-1
female. Although Bell and
Timmons (1991) did
not observe spawning activity in the field or lab, it is
probably similar to that
of the banded [personal communication, L.
Kornman] in which
the female attaches eggs to filamentous algae and aquatic
mosses attached to rocks and other submerged
objects. Eggs are deposited a
few at a time as the male mounts the female
and fertilized the eggs (Pflieger,
1977 citing Walters, 1994).
Key Currently known to
occur only in the Obion Creek (HUC 08010202)
Habitat watershed (Terrapin Creek, Graves County). Habitat conditions fully
supporting of aquatic
life include 27.8% of stream miles surveyed within
this watershed. It contains 1.7 stream miles regarded as
outstanding
resource water
(Kentucky Division of Water, 2002).
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Brighteye Darter Etheostoma lynceum
Guilds Lowland Streams in riffles.
Statewide BrighteyeDarter.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2B Gravel/sand removal or quarrying (e.g., mineral
excavation)
2D Woody debris removal
2E Stream channelization/ditching
2F Riparian zone removal (Agriculture/development)
Miscellaneous Mortality Factors
6G Stochastic events
(droughts, unusual weather, pine beetle damage, flooding
etc.)
Point and non-point source pollution
4B Waste water discharge (e.g., sewage treatment)
4E Agricultural runoff – including
fertilizers/animal waste, herbicides,
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B Agriculture
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Brown Madtom Noturus phaeus
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N E G4 S1 G4 S1
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend The brown madtom
occurs in Mississippi River tributaries in southwestern
Comment Kentucky, western Tennessee, northern
Mississippi, and northwestern
Alabama; and
disjunctly in southern Arkansas, Louisiana, and southwestern
Mississippi; Tennessee River tributaries in
western Tennessee and
northwestern
Alabama; Gulf Slope in Sabine River and Bayou Teche
drainages
(Natureserve 2004). Although only a few
are collected at a time at
any given locality, they are considered
locally common (Natureserve 2004).
S-Trend Stable
S-Trend In Kentucky, this
species is known to occur only in Terrapin and Powell
Comment creeks, Graves County (Burr and Warren
1986). Within Terrapin Creek, it
is locally
common. No observations have been made
in Powell Creek since
1984 (Burr and
Warren 1986, D. Eisenhour, Morehead State University,
personal
communication). It is considered critically
imperiled in Kentucky
(NatureServe, 2004)
and endangered by the Kentucky State Nature
Preserves Commission
(2004).
Habitat / Occurs in permanent
springs and small streams with vegetation in moderate
Life History to fast current (NatureServe 2004). Specific habitat includes sand-gravel
riffles and runs
among debris, rocks, and undercut banks of springs, creeks,
and small rivers
(NatureServe 2004). In northern Mississippi, woody debris
and undercut banks were primary daytime
microhabitats, and individuals
most often were in
areas with complex (varying) flow; none were found in
the absence of
debris, aquatic vegetation, or undercut banks (NatureServe
2004). Diet of the brown madtom consists primarily
of dipteran and
trichopteran larvae
and crayfishes (NatureServe 2004).
Key Currently known to
occur only in the Obion Creek (HUC 08010202)
Habitat watershed (Terrapin Creek, Graves County). Habitat conditions fully
supporting of
aquatic life include 27.8% of stream miles surveyed within
this watershed. It contains 1.7 stream miles regarded as
outstanding
resource water
(Kentucky Division of Water, 2002).
Guilds Lowland Streams in riffles.
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Brown Madtom Noturus phaeus
Statewide BrownMadtom.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2C Construction/Operation of impoundments
(migration barrier)
Biological/ consumptive uses
5K Lack of suitable habitat for spawning, nesting,
or breeding
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B Agriculture
1C Road construction
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Central Mudminnow Umbra limi
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N T G5 S2S3 G5 S2
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend The central
mudminnow occurs in north central North America in the St.
Comment Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River),
and Mississippi River
basins from Quebec to
Manitoba and south to central Ohio, western
Tennessee, and
northeastern Arkansas; Hudson River drainage (Atlantic
Slope), New York;
isolated populations occur in the Missouri River
drainage of
east-central South Dakota and western Iowa (NatureServe
2004). It is common in northern glacial regions but
uncommon southward.
The Coastal Plain of
western Tennessee and northern Arkansas mark the
southernmost
distribution of this species (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
S-Trend Decreasing
S-Trend In Kentucky, this
species is at the southern most edge of its range, where
Comment populations seem to be stable to slightly
declining (D. Eisenhour,
Morehead State
University, personal communication). It is occasional to
locally common in the
Clarks and Blood River drainages, and Terrapin
Creek and Running
Slough, Fulton County (Burr and Warren 1986).
It is
considered imperiled
in Kentucky (NatureServe, 2004) and threatened by
the Kentucky State
Nature Preserves Commission (2004).
Habitat / Inhabits dense beds
of submergent vegetation or piles of organic debris in
Life History spring-fed wetlands, ditches, or shallow margins
of lowland lakes in the
Coastal Plain (Clay
1975). This species usually prefers
non-turbid water
over substrates of
sand, mud, and organic debris. Spawning occurs in
shallow water during
the spring water temperatures reach 13° C (55° F).
Eggs are adhesive
and deposited on vegetation. Life span
has been reported
to range between 4
and 9 years (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
Key Currently known to
occur in four HUC8 watersheds: Kentucky
Lake
Habitat (HUC 06040005; 3 records), Lower Tennessee River
(HUC 06040006; 8
records), Bayou De
Chien-Mayfield (HUC 08010201; 2 records), and
Obion Creek (HUC 08010202;
19 records). Habitat conditions fully
supporting aquatic
life range from 27% (Obion Creek HUC) to 74.9%
(Kentucky Lake HUC)
of stream miles surveyed within these watersheds.
Number of stream
miles considered outstanding resource waters range from
none (Kentucky Lake
HUC) to 124.4 (Bayou du Chien-Mayfield Creek
HUC) (Kentucky
Division of Water 2002).
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Central Mudminnow Umbra limi
Guilds Lowland Streams in slackwater.
Statewide CentralMudminnow.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2E Stream channelization/ditching
2F Riparian zone removal (Agriculture/development)
2I Periodic cessation or removal of spring flows or
seeps
Biological/ consumptive uses
5F Low population densities
Siltation and increased turbidity
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Cumberland Arrow Darter Etheostoma sagitta
sagitta
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N N G3G4 S4 G3 S4
T3T4
G-Trend Unknown
G-Trend This subspecies of
the arrow darter is an inhabitant of the Cumberland
Comment Plateau physiographic province (Etnier and
Starnes 1993). It ranges from
eastern tributaries
to the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River System in
Kentucky and Tennessee (Etnier and Starnes
1993). Global trend data is
unknown.
S-Trend Stable
S-Trend In Kentucky, the
Cumberland arrow darter is endemic to the Cumberland
Comment River Drainage (Burr and Warren 1986). It has been collected both above
and below the
Cumberland Falls (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
The
Cumberland arrow
darter is considered secure in Kentucky and populations
are currently stable
(D. Eisenhour, Morehead State University, personal
communication;
Natureserve 2004).
Habitat / Generally inhabits
headwater creeks, but juveniles and occasionally adults
Life History may be taken in medium sized streams (Burr and
Warren 1986). It occurs in
sluggish pools or areas above and below
riffles over substrates of bedrock,
cobble, and pebble
(Burr and Warren 1986), and is commonly found
associated with
large, flat stones (Page 1983). Spawning
takes place in
April when water temperatures
are around 13° C. (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
Common food items include mayflies, midges,
and stoneflies (Page 1983).
This species is
moderately tolerant to siltation (Etnier and Starnes 1993).
Key Currently known to occur
in the Upper Cumberland (HUC 05130101),
Habitat Upper Cumberland-Lake Cumberland (HUC 05130103),
and South Fork
Cumberland (HUC8
051301014) watersheds. Habitat
conditions fully
supporting aquatic
life range from 67% (Upper Cumberland-Lake
Cumberland) to 90%
(South Fork Cumberland) of stream miles surveyed
within these
watersheds. Most records lie within the
Upper Cumberland
HUC, which contains
404.4 stream miles considered outstanding resource
water (Kentucky
Division of Water 2002).
Guilds Upland headwater streams in pools.
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Cumberland Arrow Darter Etheostoma sagitta
sagitta
Statewide CumberlandArrowDarter.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Point and non-point source pollution
4A Acid mine drainage other coal mining impacts
Siltation and increased turbidity
1A Coal mining
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Cumberland Johnny Darter Etheostoma susanae
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
C E G2 S1 G2 S1
G-Trend Decreasing
G-Trend The Cumberland
johnny darter is found in the Cumberland River drainage
Comment above Cumberland Falls in eastern Kentucky and
adjacent Tennessee
(NatureServe 2004).
S-Trend Decreasing
S-Trend This species is
found only in tributaries to the Cumberland River drainage
Comment above Cumberland Falls (NatureServe 2004).
Habitat / Inhabits shallow
water in low velocity shoals and backwater areas of
Life History moderate gradient streams with sand or sandy
gravel substrate (NatureServe
2004). Spawning occurs in April and May.
Key Restricted to the Upper Cumberland River (HUC
05130101) drainage.
Habitat Habitat conditions fully supporting aquatic life
include 70.3% of stream
miles surveyed
within this watershed, in which 404.4 stream miles are
considered
outstanding resource waters (Kentucky Division of Water 2002).
Guilds Upland headwater
streams in pools.
Statewide CumberlandJohnnyDarter.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Siltation and increased turbidity
1A Coal mining
1B Agriculture
1C Road construction
1D Urbanization/Development General Construction
1E Silviculture
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Cypress Darter Etheostoma proeliare
Federal Heritage GRank SRank GRank SRank
Status Status (Simplified) (Simplified)
N T G5 S2 G5 S2
G-Trend Stable
G-Trend The cypress darter
ranges from the Choctawhatchee River in Florida to the
Comment San Jacinto River in Texas, north through the
Mississippi Valley to
southern Illinois
and eastern Oklahoma (Page 1983, Etnier and Starnes 1993,
Natureserve 2004).
S-Trend Unknown
S-Trend In Kentucky, this species
is sporadic and rare in creeks, streams, sloughs,
Comment and oxbows that border the Mississippi and lower
Ohio Rivers, and the
lower Cumberland and
Tennessee River drainages (Burr and Warren 1986).
It is considered imperiled
in Kentucky (NatureServe, 2004) and threatened
by the Kentucky
State Nature Preserves Commission (2004).
Habitat / Inhabits lowland
creeks, oxbow lakes, and wetland flood plains of the Ohio,
Life History Mississippi, lower Tennessee, and lower
Cumberland Rivers. This species
is generally
associated with leaf-laden and/or vegetated water bodies in
sluggish current,
pools, or shorelines of lakes. Tree
roots along undercut
banks may also
harbor the species if other cover is absent (Burr and Warren
1986). Sexual maturity is reached at one year of
age. Spawning occurs from
mid-March to early June. Females contain 26-116 eggs and deposit them
on dead leaves,
twigs, rock and filamentous algae. Eggs
are not guarded and
hatch in 5-13 days
based on temperature. Life span is 1.5
years. Principal
food items are midge
larvae and microcrusteaceans (Page 1983, Etnier and
Starnes 1993).
Key Currently known to
occur in eight HUC8 watersheds: Lower Cumberland
Habitat (HUC 05130205), Lower Ohio - Bay (HUC 05140203),
Lower Ohio (HUC
05140206), Kentucky Lake (HUC 06040005), Lower
Tennessee (HUC
06040006), Lower
Mississippi – Memphis (HUC 08010100), Bayou De
Chien – Mayfield
(HUC 08010201), and Obion Creek (HUC 08010202).
Habitat conditions
fully supporting aquatic life range from 0% (Lower
Mississippi –
Memphis HUC) to 74.9% (Lower Tennessee-Kentucky Lake
HUC) of stream miles surveyed, of which
154.6 are considered
outstanding resource
waters (Kentucky Division of Water 2002 and 2004).
Guilds Lowland Streams in
slackwater.
CLASS ACTINOPTERYGII
Cypress Darter Etheostoma proeliare
Statewide CypressDarter.pdf
Map
Conservation Issues
Aquatic habitat degradation
2E Stream channelization/ditching
2H Wetland loss/drainage/alteration
Point and non-point source pollution
4E Agricultural runoff – including
fertilizers/animal waste, herbicides,
Siltation and increased turbidity
1B