Flock of black vultures in a field

Vultures

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Two types of vultures are found in Kentucky: The turkey vulture and the black vulture. Often called “buzzards,” these carrion-eating birds of prey play a crucial role in ecosystems by consuming carcasses and helping to prevent the spread of harmful viruses and bacteria.​

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Regulatory Status

Turkey and black vultures are protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)​, which prohibits killing, capturing, or selling these birds without authorization from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.​​


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Having trouble identifying a vulture?
​Download this ​
Nature Notebook about Kentucky's vultures from our Kentucky Afield Magazine.​



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  • Appearance: Both turkey and black vultures have featherless heads. Turkey vultures have pinkish skin and longer tails, while black vultures have black skin and shorter tails.
  • Habitat: Open woodlands.
  • Diet: Black vultures primarily feed on carrion (dead animals), but they may also eat small mammals, reptiles, and fish. They are also known to prey on live livestock, including calves, lambs, and piglets. In contrast, turkey vultures feed only on carrion.
  • Range: Both species are found throughout Kentucky.
  • Behavior: Both Black and Turkey Vultures have excellent eyesight. Turkey Vultures also have an incredible sense of smell to find carrion, while Black Vultures have a much weaker sense of smell. In fall, winter, and early spring, both species gather in large numbers to roost communally, typically from October to March.


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Living with Vultures

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Vultures play a vital role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem. However, conflicts between vultures and people can occur. Preventive ​measures can help manage these issues.​​​

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Preventing Conflicts


Unwanted Roosts

Both black and turkey vultures gather in large numbers in the fall, winter and early spring to sleep at night in areas called “communal roosts.” These roosts can sometimes form near homes or businesses, creating noise and mess from droppings.


What You Can Do​

While it's illegal to kill vultures without a permit, you can legally discourage them from roosting in unwanted areas. The key is to make the site feel unsafe, so they move elsewhere.

  • Best time to act: Around sunset — begin disturbances 30 minutes before and after sunset.
  • For small roosts (under 50 birds):
    • Use a garden hose
    • Clap, bang pans, or use air horns
    • You may need to repeat efforts for 7-14 nights
  • For large roosts:
    • Use pyrotechnics (safe scare devices, not harmful to birds or people)
    • You may need a crew and to repeat efforts for 7–14 nights

Contact local authorities before using noise or fireworks, and consider informing neighbors. Even after birds leave, they may return the next fall, so be ready to repeat the process if needed.


Livestock Depredation

While turkey vultures do not feed on live prey, black vultures may sometimes target newborn or sick livestock. If Black Vultures are taking livestock, hazing methods—such as those listed above—can discourage them from​​ the area.​

usfws-turkey-vulture.jpg Vultures typically depart by mid-March to return to their nesting areas. - Photo Credit: USFWS


Black Vulture Effigy Guide

The UK Department of F​orestry and Natural Resources ​provides excellent guidance on handling vultures and mitigating the damage they cause. Download this publication on how you can create your own Black Vulture Effigy with just a few materials.​

​​ DOWNLOAD​​​

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When Removal is Necessary

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) protects black vultures and turkey vultures. A federal depredation permit is required to capture or kill birds to help reduce damage to crops, livestock, private property, human health and safety, and protected wildlife. A depredation permit is intended to provide short-term relief for bird damage until long-term nonlethal measures can be implemented to eliminate or significantly reduce the problem.​

Depredation permits are granted only after nonlethal deterrents, like hazing and habitat modification, have been unsuccessful.​ If a permit is issued, you will be expected to continue nonlethal measures in conjunction with any killing or trapping authorized.

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Contact for starting the permitting process (Federal):

USDA Animal Plant Health Inspection Service
Kentucky and Tennessee State Wildlife Office
Phone: 615-736-5506

Migratory Bird Depredation Permit Process

​USFWS | Migratory Bird - Depredation Permit

Permit Notice:

It’s important to note that livestock producers cannot be issued a depredation permit by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and apply for and be approved for a KFB depredation sub-permit.

Kentucky Farm Bureau (KFB) Sub-permits (State):

No-cost sub-permits are available through the Kentucky Farm Bureau (KFB) to livestock producers who are experiencing problems with vulture depredation at no cost. These permits are available to producers who are experiencing difficulties with vulture depredation of livestock. The number of permits is limited to 4 vultures. 

Landowners experiencing severe problems with large flocks of vultures are encouraged to obtain their own federal permit through the federal process mentioned above.

The process for obtaining a sub-permit from the KFB is outlined in detail here​. For questions about the KFB sub-permit process, contact Fran McCall at (502) 495-5000.​