Black Bear in field

Black Bears

​​BLACK BEARS​ IN KENTUCKY


Black bear in tree, Photo by Dave BakerThe American black bear (Ursus americanus) was ​​once abundant​​​​​​ throughout the United States, but habitat loss and fragmentation significantly reduced their historic range. In Kentucky, historical accounts indicate that the American black bear was virtually eliminated in the early 1900s through wholesale logging of mature hardwood forests, unregulated hunting, and a lack of protected areas.

Black​ bears are the most abundant and widespread of all eight bear species in the world. In Kentucky, the return of black bears over the last 20 years has proven to be a true wildlife success story. Some may believe that today’s growing population results from a “restocking” effort, but this is not true. Rather, as oak forests matured after extensive logging efforts in the early 1900s, bears recolonized these habitats in our neighboring states of West Virginia, Virginia and Tennessee.

Vast portions of the Kentucky region cleared for timber once again became mature hardwood forests. This meant that bears filtering into Kentucky from our Southern Appalachian neighbors had access to large, remote tracts of quality forest habitat. This has resulted in Kentucky now being home to a resident bear population experiencing considerable increases in both numbers and range.

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  • Appearance: Powerful, large-bodied animals measuring 4–6 feet long. Typically have black fur, though some may be cinnamon or brown. Adult females usually weigh 120–170 pounds; adult males average 250–350 pounds.
  • Habitat: Prefers forests but may also be found near human settlements.
  • Diet: Omnivorous—eat berries, nuts, fruits, insects, fish, small mammals and carrion. They will also scavenge human food and garbage when accessible.​
  • Range: Found throughout much of North America—from Canada and Alaska to parts of Mexico and across the United States, especially in forested regions. In Kentucky, black bears are found primarily in the eastern part of the state.
  • Behavior: Solitary and typically shy. Hibernate in winter in colder climates. Skilled climbers.​


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Living with Black Bears


BearWise® Basics to Living with Black Bears

Follow these simple tips to prevent harmful interactions with local black bears:

  • Never feed bears
  • Do not approach bears
  • Secure food, garbage, and recycling
  • Remove bird feeders when bears are active
  • Do not leave pet food outdoors
  • Clean and store grills and smokers
  • Alert neighbors to bear activity​

BearWise® provides information and smart solutions that help homeowners, businesses and communities coexist with bears.


MORE BEARWISE® RESOUCES


Bear Safety:
Hiking, Camping 
& Fishing


At Home BearWise Basics


Bear Safety Tips for Hunters


It Is Illegal to Feed Bears

In Kentucky, the direct or indirect feeding of black bears is a crime that is punishable by a fine of up to $1,000, up to a year in jail, and the loss of hunting and fishing privileges for up to 3 years.​

It is important to remember that bears are powerful animals and their behavior can be unpredictable. As such, bears habituated to humans can pose public safety concerns and often need to be destroyed, as relocation is not a responsible management action. Immediately report any instances of people feeding bears to Kentucky Fish and Wildlife by calling 1-800-25ALERT (1-800-252-5378).

Realize that ONE person feeding bears will create a problem animal that may affect multiple neighborhoods. Be responsible and help us keep bears wild in Kentucky!

IF YOU ENCOUNTER A BLACK BEAR

Following these simple guidelines will minimize any unnecessary and potentially dangerous encounters.

  • Never approach a bear.
  • If you see a black bear from a distance, alter your route of travel.
  • If approached by a bear, stand your ground, raise your arms to appear larger, and yell until it leaves the area.
  • Never run from a bear. This will often trigger its natural instinct to chase.
  • If a black bear attacks, fight back aggressively and do not play dead.

If cornered or threatened, bears may slap the ground, “pop” their jaws or “huff” as a warning. If you see those behaviors, you are too close! Slowly back away while facing the bear at all times. Notify the Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources immediately if you witness aggressive behavior by black bears.​ 


Feeding bears is illegal in Kentucky  

​​​ ​​​​​​​​​FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQs)

Please contact our Information Center at 1-800-858-1549 or Info.Center@ky.gov if you have any questions not answered below.


I've seen a bear around my house. Is this normal?

In many areas of Kentucky, it is fairly common for bears to be near human dwellings. Bears have an incredible sense of smell and are likely being lured by some type of food attractant. These attractants typically include garbage, birdfeeders and pet food. The best thing to do is identify the attractant and remove the source. Bears will move on after realizing there is no food to be obtained.

What should I do if I find a bear getting into my garbage and making a mess of my yard?  

The first thing to realize is that the bear is simply going after an easy meal. Almost all of these types of problems can be eliminated by removing the attractant. Store garbage in a closed structure and put it out the morning of garbage pick-up, not the night before. This way, garbage does not sit out overnight and lure bears to the area. Purchasing or constructing a bear-resistant garbage container can also help.

Why not just trap and relocate bears that get into the garbage? 

While relocation is a solution to the immediate issue, it will not solve the underlying problem. Unless garbage​​ is properly stored, another bear will move in and the problem will start all over again. In addition, black bears have an incredible homing instinct and can travel far distances in relatively short periods of time. Kentucky Fish and Wildlife has trapped bears and moved them 10 to 55 air miles away and they still find their way home. Ultimately, relocating bears is not an effective long-term management tool. 

What should I do if I encounter a bear at close range?​  ​

Make your presence known by yelling and shouting at the bear in an attempt to scare it away. If a bear is reluctant to leave, proceed to throw rocks or other objects at the bear while continuing to yell. Portray yourself as the dominant animal and do not back down. If a bear is close enough that you feel uncomfortable, slowly back away, continuing to yell while watching the bear at all times. Never run from a black bear; this may trigger a natural response to chase.

Is it legal to feed black bears in Kentucky?​  

No. In Kentucky, the direct or indirect feeding of black bears is a crime that is punishable by a fine of up to $1,000, up to a year in jail, and the loss of hunting and fishing privileges for up to 3 years. Feeding bears creates behaviors in those animals that are virtuallu impossible to correct.

Feeding bears is the worst thing that people can do when it comes to creating human-bear conflicts. Bears are extremely intelligent and quickly learn to associate people with food. When this occurs, bears may become habituated to people and lose their natural fear of humans, which creates potentially dangerous situations:

  • Food-conditioned bears live considerably shorter lives than wild bears.
  • Habituated bears are often killed by poachers or struck by vehicles because they frequent residential areas.
  • Food-conditioned bears increasingly rely on human-related foods.
  • Food-conditioned bears often cause property damage as a result of being taught to feed in neighborhoods.
  • Feeding a bear just one time can create a pattern of conditioned behavior in that animal.
  • Conditioned behaviors learned as a cub will often stay with that bear for life.
  • Direct or indirect feeding of black bears is illegal in Kentucky!.

​It is important to remember that bears are powerful animals and their behavior can be unpredictable. As such, bears habituated to humans can pose public safety concerns and often need to be destroyed, as bear relocation is not a responsible management action. Immediately report any instances of people feeding bears to Kentucky Fish and Wildlife by calling 1-800-25ALERT (1-800-252-5378). Remember that is it illegal to feed back black bears in Kentucky.​

What should I do if I see someone feeding a bear​?​  

 Immediately report any instances of people feeding bears to Kentucky Fish and Wildlife by calling 1-800-25ALERT (1-800-252-5378). Remember that is it illegal to feed back black bears in Kentucky.

Are black bears dangerous?​  

Black bears are normally very elusive and shy animals. They typically avoid people unless they have become accustomed to human food sources. Bears are also very curious, but this should not be mistaken for aggression. Prevent any conflicts with bears by treating bears with respect, as they are wild animals whose behaviors can be unpredictable. 

I saw a cub on its own, what should I do?​  

Leave the cub alone, as the mother is often nearby.

Why do bear encounters seem to increase in spring and summer?  ​​​

Black bears typically den during the winter months and emerge in late March or early April. When they come out of their dens, natural food sources are scarce, which often leads bears to be attracted by the smell of human-related foods.

Additionally, June and July mark the breeding season for bears. During this time, male bears travel great distances in search of females, which increases their chances of encountering human dwellings.

Summer is also when yearling bears, now on their own, are trying to establish a suitable home range. In their travels, these young bears are often drawn to human-related food sources as well.

Moreover, as the weather warms up, outdoor activities such as camping, hiking and picnicking increase. This leads to more human activity in areas where bears might be foraging, which can further elevate the chances of encounters.​


How can I protect my beehives from black bears?  ​​​​

Damage to apiaries can be extensive and very costly if action is not taken quickly. Due to the potential for significant monetary loss, Kentucky Fish and Wildlife strongly recommends all bee yard owners follow the guidelines below:

  • Locate bee yards away from forest edges and riparian areas (river bottoms, creek drainages).​
  • Surround bee yards with at least 2 strands of electric fencing, with the lowest wire no more than 15 inches from the ground.
  • Use solar chargers as a power source if bee yards are left unattended for extended periods.
  • Be certain to face solar chargers so as to receive the most sunlight.
  • Clear growing vegetation away from the lowest wire, as this will ensure a closed circuit and render maximum charge upon contact with the fence.
  • Bears are incredible diggers- irregularities in terrain should be filled in with heavy debris so as to prevent bears from crawling under low points.
  • Clear overhanging branches from bee yards to prevent bears from climbing into fenced areas.
  • Immediately notify the KDFWR of any bear damage to beehives.

Extensive research has shown electric fencing to be extremely effective at deterring nuisance behavior by bears. Additionally, costs associated with the installation of an electric fence can be minimal when compared to potential losses in money by the destruction of honey and bees.​

Download this technical resource for further guidance.



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